Hurricane information

Hurricanes are powerful tropical storms characterized by high winds, heavy rains, and the potential for severe flooding. Being prepared and knowing what to do before, during, and after a hurricane can make all the difference in staying safe. Here’s a comprehensive guide to understanding and preparing for hurricanes.

A hurricane is a tropical cyclone with sustained winds of 74 mph (119 km/h) or higher. They form over warm ocean waters, typically between June 1 and November 30 in the Atlantic, which is known as hurricane season. The storm’s structure includes an eye at its center, surrounded by an eye wall with intense winds and rain, and outer bands that stretch for miles.

Hurricanes are classified into five categories based on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale:

• Category 1 (74-95 mph): Minimal damage. Strong winds can damage trees and power lines, leading to power outages.
• Category 2 (96-110 mph): Moderate damage. Roofs and siding may sustain damage, and trees may be uprooted.
• Category 3 (111-129 mph): Extensive damage. Major structural damage to buildings; coastal flooding may occur.
• Category 4 (130-156 mph): Severe damage. Most trees will be uprooted; severe structural damage to buildings and infrastructure.
• Category 5 (157+ mph): Catastrophic damage. Buildings may be destroyed; massive flooding and power outages are likely.

• Water: One gallon per person per day, for at least 3 days.
• Food: Non-perishable items like canned goods, granola bars, and dried fruits.
• First-Aid Supplies: Include any necessary medications.
• Important Documents: Store copies of insurance policies, IDs, and other vital records in a waterproof bag.
• Personal Items: Flashlights, extra batteries, portable chargers, and a battery-operated or hand-crank radio.

• Install Storm Shutters or Board Up Windows: Use plywood if storm shutters aren’t available.
• Reinforce Doors: Especially garage doors, as they’re susceptible to high winds.
• Clear Outdoor Areas: Remove or securely anchor items like patio furniture, grills, and garden decorations that could become projectiles.
• Trim Trees and Shrubs: Prune branches that could potentially fall on the house or power lines.

• Familiarize yourself with your local evacuation zones and routes. Officials may order evacuations for certain areas based on the hurricane’s intensity and storm surge predictions.
• Have a “go-bag” packed with essentials in case you need to evacuate quickly.

• Elevate important electronics and valuables above possible flood levels.
• If possible, move irreplaceable items like family photos or heirlooms to a higher floor.

• Find an interior, windowless room on the lowest floor, ideally a closet or bathroom. Stay in this “safe room” until the hurricane passes.

• Use a battery-powered or hand-crank radio to stay updated on the storm’s status, especially if power is lost. This will alert you to any changes in intensity or emergency orders.

• If local authorities instruct you to evacuate, leave immediately. Bring your emergency kit and essentials and follow designated routes. Avoid low-lying areas and roads that could flood quickly.

• When the eye of the hurricane passes, there’s a temporary calm. This doesn’t mean the storm is over. Once the eye passes, the winds and rain will quickly resume from the opposite direction.

• Do not leave your shelter until officials have given the all-clear. Hazards like downed power lines, debris, and unstable structures may still be present.

• Floodwaters can contain harmful bacteria, chemicals, and other hazards. Avoid walking, wading, or driving through floodwaters, as they may hide sharp debris or even electrical currents from downed lines.

• Take photos or videos of any property damage before beginning cleanup. This documentation will be essential for insurance purposes.

• Wear protective clothing, gloves, and sturdy shoes when cleaning up debris. Avoid using power tools or electrical devices in wet areas until it’s safe to do so.

• The most dangerous aspect of hurricanes, storm surge is the abnormal rise in seawater level during a storm. Storm surge flooding can travel several miles inland, leading to severe flooding. Listen for local warnings and evacuation orders if you live in a coastal area.

• Hurricanes often bring intense rainfall, which can cause flash floods. Avoid rivers, creeks, or streams prone to rising waters, and move to higher ground if flooding is imminent.

• Hurricanes can spawn tornadoes, especially in the outer bands. Be alert to tornado watches or warnings during a hurricane, as conditions can change rapidly.

• Power outages are common during hurricanes. Prepare by having battery backups, flashlights, and a supply of non-perishable food items. Avoid using candles to reduce fire hazards.

Issued when hurricane conditions are possible within 48 hours. Begin preparations and stay informed.

Issued when hurricane conditions are expected within 36 hours. Complete preparations quickly and be ready to evacuate if ordered.